Journal: Equine Emergencies

Article Title: Gastrointestinal System

doi: 10.1016/B978-1-4557-0892-5.00018-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gram stain of gastric fluid from a horse with proximal duodenitis-jejunitis that demonstrates many large gram-positive rods (compatible with Clostridium perfringens ).

Article Snippet: Lake Immunogenics Clostridium perfringens Type A, C, and D Antibody Select HI Plasma (Ontario, New York 14519).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Equine Emergencies

Article Title: Gastrointestinal System

doi: 10.1016/B978-1-4557-0892-5.00018-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Foal diarrhea: Ultrasound finding in a 3-day-old foal with hemorrhagic diarrhea due to Clostridium perfringens type C. The same organism was cultured from the feces and blood. With antibiotic and supportive treatments the foal recovered in 3 days.

Article Snippet: Lake Immunogenics Clostridium perfringens Type A, C, and D Antibody Select HI Plasma (Ontario, New York 14519).

Techniques: Cell Culture

Journal: Toxins

Article Title: Application of an Endothelial Cell Culture Assay for the Detection of Neutralizing Anti-Clostridium Perfringens Beta-Toxin Antibodies in a Porcine Vaccination Trial

doi: 10.3390/toxins11040225

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibitory effect on recombinant CPB (rCPB) mediated cytotoxicity in serum and colostrum of sows vaccinated against C. perfringens type C. Left lane: Confluent porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) were incubated for 24 h with cell culture medium containing no additives (medium), control anti-CPB antibodies, or serum (1:2 volume dilutions) and colostrum (1:2 volume dilutions) samples of sows treated as indicated. The right lane shows representative results of pre-incubation of 100 ng/mL rCPB with the same media and additives. Absence of cytopathic effects after pre-incubation with respective samples indicated presence of specific neutralizing anti-CPB antibodies in serum and colostrum samples of only those sows vaccinated against C. perfringens type C. Cells were fixed in paraformaldehyde, stained with Hemacolor ® and photographed under a light microscope (magnification 100x).

Article Snippet: Group 1 (vaccination group) was immunized against C. perfringens type C with the newly developed C. perfringens type A/C toxoid vaccine ENTEROPORC AC batch 001 07 14 (IDT Biologika GmbH, Germany).

Techniques: Recombinant, Incubation, Cell Culture, Control, Staining, Light Microscopy

Journal: IDCases

Article Title: An autopsy case of gas gangrene, massive intravascular hemolysis, and cytokine storm due to Clostridium perfringens type A infection

doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02085

Figure Lengend Snippet: Patient with lethal Clostridium perfringens infection with massive intravascular hemolysis and gas gangrene. (a) Serum of the patient at presentation. (b) Abdominal computed tomography (CT) images obtained at presentation (left panel), 1.5 h (middle panel), and 2.5 h after death (right panel). The lesion in the right lobe of the liver, initially seen as a low-density area at presentation (left panel), was replaced by a gas-filled cavity 1.5 h later (middle panel). A postmortem CT scan revealed rapid and massive expansion of gas-filled cavities in the right and left lobes of the liver (right panel).

Article Snippet: Genomic PCRs targeting CPA, CPB, ETX, ITX, CPE, NetB, PFO, and ColA were performed using bacterial DNA of C. perfringens isolated from the patient’s blood and a commercially available type A strain of C. perfringens (JCM#1290; RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan).

Techniques: Infection, Computed Tomography

Journal: IDCases

Article Title: An autopsy case of gas gangrene, massive intravascular hemolysis, and cytokine storm due to Clostridium perfringens type A infection

doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02085

Figure Lengend Snippet: Host cytokine responses against Clostridium perfringens isolated from this case. (a) Toxin profiles of Clostridium perfringens isolated from the patient and a commercially available type A strain (JCM#1290). The leftmost lane represents the 100-bp DNA ladder. Agarose gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products revealed that C. perfringens isolated from the patient expressed CPA, PFO, and ColA, but not CPE. CPA, C. perfringens α toxin; PFO, perfringolysin O; ColA, collagenase. (b) Profiles of serum cytokines and chemokines. Cytokine and chemokine arrays revealed heightened proinflammatory responses in the patient serum. CCL2; C-C chemokine ligand 2, CXCL8; C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8, G-CSF; granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. (c) Toll-like receptors (TLRs) involved in the production of proinflammatory cytokines by C. perfringens . Splenocytes prepared from C57BL/6 mice or mice deficient in TLR2 and/or TLR4 were stimulated with heat-killed C. perfringens . IL-6 mRNA expression was expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. * * P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Genomic PCRs targeting CPA, CPB, ETX, ITX, CPE, NetB, PFO, and ColA were performed using bacterial DNA of C. perfringens isolated from the patient’s blood and a commercially available type A strain of C. perfringens (JCM#1290; RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan).

Techniques: Isolation, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing